| 1. |
- Andersson, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
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Interfering signals and attenuation : potential problems with communication via the power grid
- 2006
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Ingår i: Proceedings of Nordic Distribution and Asset Management Conference.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper will give a general overview of the potential problems associated with remote-meter reading via the power grid and describe some of the technologies available. A comparison will be made between the power grid as a communication channel and other, dedicated and shared, channels. Examples will be given of practical cases in which the communication channel does not function in the intended way.
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| 2. |
- Bollen, Math, et al.
(författare)
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Harmonic emission from installations with energy-efficient lighting
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceeding of the International Conference on Electrical Power Quality and Utilisation, EPQU. - Piscataway, NJ : IEEE Communications Society. - 9781467303798 ; , s. 797-802
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the results from a number of measurements of the harmonic emission from installations that contain a large number of energy-efficient lamps. Two of the measurements concern the replacement of incandescent lamps with CFL and LED; the other measurement concerns an installation with up to 48 fluorescent lamps with high-frequency ballasts. The paper also contains a discussion on why the (total) power factor is not a good measure to quantify the performance of lamps or installations containing large numbers of lamps
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| 3. |
- Bollen, Math, et al.
(författare)
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Limits for voltage distortion in the frequency range 2 to 9 kHz
- 2008
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery. - 0885-8977 .- 1937-4208. ; 23:3, s. 1481-1487
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper addresses voltage distortion in the frequency range 2 to 9 kHz, above what is normally considered in harmonic studies. By extrapolating the voltage-distortion limits that exist in international standards for distortion up to 2 kHz, it is concluded that 0.5% of nominal voltage per 200-Hz band is a safe limit. This limit is next used to estimate the number of small generator units (1-10 kW) that can be connected to a low-voltage grid. It is concluded that in some cases the connection of one or just a few units already leads to a distortion level above the limit.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Bollen, Math, et al.
(författare)
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Standards for supraharmonics (2 to 150 kHz)
- 2014
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Ingår i: IEEE Electromagnetic Compatibility Magazine. - 2162-2264. ; 3:1, s. 114-119
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a serious interest from the international standard-setting community in knowledge about voltage and current distortion in the frequency range 2 to 150 kHz, referred to as supraharmonics. At the same time, research is ongoing at a number of locations, but the knowledge about supraharmonics remains limited. This paper compares some of the properties of harmonics and supraharmonics. An increase in supraharmonics for individual devices is observed in association with a decrease in harmonic emission (i.e. below 2 kHz). A proposal is made for setting limits in this frequency range. The proposal is based on existing standards and is meant to be for discussion. The authors strongly encourage an open discussion about the proposed limits. There are a number of differences between harmonics and supraharmonics that are not covered by the proposed set of limits. A substantial amount of further research is needed to extend the standard framework for supraharmonics such that this can be covered by standards
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| 6. |
- Busatto, Tatiano, et al.
(författare)
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Deviations between the commonly-used model and measurements of harmonic distortion in low-voltage installations
- 2020
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Ingår i: Electric power systems research. - : Elsevier. - 0378-7796 .- 1873-2046. ; 180
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Harmonic analysis studies of modern power systems commonly employ Norton and Thévenin equivalents at harmonic frequencies for the nonlinear devices. This approach neglects the so-called nonlinear interaction phenomenon. This paper addresses the difference between the results from the commonly-used model and the actual harmonic distortion measured in a low-voltage installation. A number of indices are introduced to quantify the nonlinear interaction. These indices allow a quantification of the extent to which the commonly-used model is also to predict harmonic voltages and currents in a modern low-voltage installation. The proposed model and the subsequent mathematical analysis are illustrated through measurements from different combinations of PV inverters and LED lamps using different technologies. The results show that deviation is dependent on the used technology, network impedance, and source voltage waveform. Other findings are that nonlinear interaction happens mainly in the low harmonic orders and impacts are more perceived on the harmonics phase angle. Possible explanations for these observations are discussed.
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| 7. |
- Busatto, Tatiano, et al.
(författare)
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Estimation of the Consumer Electronics Capacitance for Harmonic Resonance Studies by a Non-Invasive Measurement Method
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings of International Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power, ICHQP. - Piscataway, NJ : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9781538605172
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Harmonic resonances in distribution systems are mainly between network inductances and shunt capacitances from capacitor banks and consumer loads. In this paper, particular attention is devoted to the evaluation of capacitances from domestic equipment, serving as a reference for resonance frequency studies. The assessment is performed by simulation and measurements of common low power electronic loads. From the analysis of EMI filters topologies used in AC/DC converters, a non-invasive capacitance measurement estimation method is presented. The method is verified after correlating capacitances with the resonance frequencies obtained from a frequency sweep method. From experimental measurements, the results show that the equivalent shunt capacitances for a set of 24 LED lamps are between 10 and 135 nF.
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| 8. |
- Busatto, Tatiano, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental Harmonic Analysis of the Impact of LED Lamps on PV Inverters Performance
- 2019
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Ingår i: 2019 Electric Power Quality and Supply Reliability Conference (PQ) & 2019 Symposium on Electrical Engineering and Mechatronics (SEEM). - : IEEE.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is known for instance that voltage waveform distortion and network impedance have a significant impact on PV inverter current emissions. Because this, much research is still required to better understand their behavior and impact when multiple common household devices are placed to operate together in the same low-voltage installation. In particular, this paper addresses the harmonic impact of LED lamps on PV inverters performance considering different technologies and number of lamps. The analysis has been carried out with different scenarios considering two types of LED lamps, with and without power factor correction feature, and three different PV inverter technologies. The evaluation of the impacts is simply performed by frequency and time domain analysis, establishing the correlation between the devices current harmonics. The results obtained from the experiments have shown that LED lamps are prone to add a significant impact on the PV inverter current harmonics, and this impact is mainly dependent on the devices used technology.
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| 9. |
- Busatto, Tatiano, et al.
(författare)
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Including Uncertainties from Customer Connections in Calculating Low-Voltage Harmonic Impedance
- 2019
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery. - : IEEE. - 0885-8977 .- 1937-4208. ; 34:2, s. 606-615
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A method is proposed in this paper to determine the harmonic impedances in low-voltage networks in a stochastic way. The consequences of resonances for harmonic propagation and stability of power converters are summarized. By using Monte Carlo simulation, the method includes the uncertainties in customer impedances, specifically due to electronic loads and local generation. The uncertainty in customer impedance is included by considering probability distribution for the resistive, inductive and capacitive parts of the impedance. The concept of transfer impedance is used for phase-to-neutral connections. A method is developed and applied to two existing low-voltage networks in Sweden. Results show that, for these two networks, the resonant frequencies decrease around 28 % once PV panels are installed. The paper includes a discussion of some of the practical aspects of applying the proposed method.
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| 10. |
- Busatto, Tatiano, et al.
(författare)
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Interaction between Grid-Connected PV systems and LED Lamps : Directions for Further Research on Harmonics and Supraharmonics
- 2016
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Ingår i: 2016 17th International Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power. - Piscataway, NJ. - 9781509037926 ; , s. 193-197
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper discusses different approaches to investigate the interaction through harmonics, interharmonics, supraharmonics, and light flicker, between photovoltaic (PV) inverters and LED lamps in low-voltage installations. Single grid-connected power generators and electronic loads like LED lamps can be easily characterized in terms of harmonics in a given range of frequency. This subject is relatively well understood, and specific standards for measuring and restricting emissions are already established to ensure a low probability of interference. However, when connected together, source and load exhibit behavior that requires further study and understanding. This work presents a discussion serving as a guide for future work on analysis of losses and other impacts of the disturbances regarding this specific load and source interaction. The following are taken into account: the nonlinearity of LED loads and PV converters; the technologies and methods used in control; and the changes in power flow caused by load and power production variations
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